In mid-February hundreds of thousands of Bahrainis participated in largely peaceful demonstrations against the government, inspired by similar protests sweeping the Arab world at the time.
In April authorities arrested five activists, known as the "UAE 5," after they allegedly posted statements on the internet forum Al-Hewar Al-Emarati Emirati Dialoguewhich authorities blocked in In April UAE authorities disbanded the elected boards of the Jurists Association and the Teachers' Association after they and two other nongovernmental organizations co-signed a public appeal in April calling for greater democracy in the country.
Bahrain's Court of Cassation upheld that decision on January 7, Enter the site », محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. In November King Hamad accepted the BICI's findings, saying that the government would take the findings and recommendations "to heart" and that they "must be dealt with urgently. All three are founding members of the independent Omani Group for Human Rights.
Intrusive Government Surveillance Human Rights Watch has not documented clear evidence of intrusive surveillance of GCC citizens and residents by their governments. Since Saudi authorities have responded with a campaign of repression against rights defenders, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, quashing calls for change, and preventing the development of an opposition movement.
Authorities denied the men access to their محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية and lawyers for several days, eventually releasing al-Hana'i and al-Khorousi while holding al-Meqbali to investigate potential charges. Since Bahrain has restricted access to the country for dozens of organizations and press outlets. For sellers of surveillance technologies, adopt policies and procedures Papua nabire stop or address misuse of products and services, including contractual provisions that designate end use and end users, the violation of which would allow the company to withdraw services or cease technical support or upgrades.
Extending the revocation of citizenship to the dependents of a person whose citizenship has been legitimately revoked is described as "problematic" in the UN report, whereas it is explicitly prohibited if such loss or deprivation of nationality would render the dependents stateless. Regular majlis common interest group gatherings in the homes of prominent individuals often host speakers Subang jaya malaysia teh yuli address issues like foreign policy and health care, but generally steer clear of internal political matters, including the concentration of power in the hands of the ruling Al Thani.
But the country unmistakably shares the authoritarian character of its neighbours, as is evident idoes draconian new laws and the punitive responses to the limited public dissent that has occurred. Civil society and human rights activists in Saudi Arabia are struggling for greater popular political participation, judicial reform, and an end to discrimination against women and minorities, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. On September 13, Maina Kiai, the UN special rapporteur on the right to peaceful assembly and association, issued a statement after his first country visit to Oman in which he noted a "pervasive culture of silence and fear affecting anyone who wants to speak and work for reforms.
Many Saudi activists have used social media and online forums to initiate campaigns and build networks, which have been a محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية feature of rights activism in Saudi Arabia since Tens of thousands of Saudi citizens have participated in online campaigns, such as a campaign to free Samar Badawi, a woman jailed for seven months in for "parental disobedience" according to a judge's interpretation of Islamic law, and Saudi women have launched advocacy campaigns encouraging Saudi women to drive in defiance of the government ban on women driving.
The Constitutional Court then nullified the elections and reinstated the parliament of This prompted further protests across the country. For sellers of surveillance technologies like intrusion software, assess the risk that products or services sold to governments may be used to facilitate illegal surveillance and other human rights abuses, as well as the risk محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية providing training or customization services for specific law enforcement, intelligence, and security agency customers.
Authorities have arrested and prosecuted nearly all activists associated with the Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association ACPRAone of Saudi Arabia's first civic organizations, which grounded calls for broad political reform in interpretations of Islamic law, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. Review all laws in the area of cybercrime, information and communications technology ICTand telecommunications to ensure their compliance with international human rights standards.
The secretary-general's report makes it clear that all revocation decisions must be subject to administrative or judicial review. All were eventually pardoned by Sultan Qaboos in March Since then, authorities have engaged in a cycle of prosecutions of peaceful activists and critics, including social media activists, leading Glosal prison sentences followed by release under pardons granted by Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية.
When a country revokes a person's محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, it may be required to provide a right of residence in the country. Since Saudi authorities have tried nearly all peaceful dissidents in the Specialized Criminal Court, Saudi Arabia's terrorism tribunal.
No one shall be arbitrarily or unlawfully deprived of his nationality. The state-funded broadcasting company Al Jazeera began broadcasting in and Al Jazeera English launched in Al Jazeera's Arabic channel does not broadcast critically about Qatar or neighbouring countries, but Al Jazeera English has covered developments in Bahrain and has been at the forefront of international media reporting of the issue of migrant workers' rights, including in Qatar.
Qatar's constitution guarantees freedom of the press, publications and printing and the right of individuals to address public authorities. Saudi courts have tried, convicted, and محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية at least twenty prominent activists and dissidents since Most faced broad, catch-all charges designed to criminalize peaceful dissent, such as "breaking allegiance with the ruler," "sowing discord," "inciting public opinion," "setting up an unlicensed organization," as well as vague provisions from the cybercrime law.
BICI's mandate was to investigate allegations of human rights abuses in connection with the government's suppression of pro-democracy demonstrations in February and Marchalthough the report did include details of deaths that occurred outside its temporal mandate.
The mass trial of 94 defendants for alleged links with al-Islah, known as the "UAE 94" trial began on March 4, on charges that they had been part of a group that aimed to overthrow the country's political system. One vocal and consistent critic of the government, the academic Ali Khalifa al-Kuwari, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, who wrote the book, "The People Want Reform … in Qatar Too", has remained at liberty, although Qatar's internet service provider has blocked his blog. In reaction, the government has gradually increased suppression of opposition activists and government critics.
Counterterrorism and Emergency Laws In the wake of popular uprisings in the Middle East in as well as regional and local instability, GCC countries have promulgated repressive counterterrorism and emergency laws and regulations that Xx nangi free expression and other basic rights.
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Police and security forces initially tolerated the largely peaceful protests. GAOR Supp. In December Omani officials told Human Rights Watch that authorities had arrested approximately 41 individuals since for speech-related activities, and that 37 of them were eventually convicted by the judiciary.
Cybercrime Laws The spread of the internet and social networking applications offered GCC citizens and residents the ability to محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية state censorship and express taboo or sensitive subjects in a public forum for the first time.
The public prosecutor charged 31 of the detained activists with "defaming the Sultan," based on article of Oman's penal code, and violating provisions of Oman's Information Crimes Law, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. One faced the sole charge of "defaming the Sultan.
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For social media companies, maximize transparency to users regarding government requests for censorship or user data, including through aggregate transparency reports and specific notice to users whose rights are implicated by such requests.
Review all laws in the area of counterterrorism to ensure their compliance with international human rights standards. On November 23, the BICI released an approximately page report detailing its findings; it released final محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية to the report on December 10, Among many of its recommendations were that the Bahraini authorities should review the convictions and commute the sentences of all persons charged with offences involving political expression not consisting of advocating violence.
Assess human rights risks raised by potential business activity, including risk posed to the rights of freedom of expression, access to information, association, and privacy. Laws Prohibiting "Insulting" Rulers, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, States, and Religion All GCC countries maintain and actively employ laws and regulations that criminalize criticizing or "offending" rulers of GCC countries or other government officials.
For sellers of surveillance technologies, as part of a tender or contract negotiation process, inquire about the end use and end users of the products or services being provided.
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International law strictly limits the circumstances in which loss or deprivation of nationality leading to statelessness can be recognized as serving a legitimate purpose.
To restrict the power of the opposition, the emir issued a royal decree in October that altered the country's election law. Amidst the Arab uprisings that swept the region in there were also popular protests in Kuwait focusing on allegations of corruption in high government echelons. In June a military court convicted 21 high-profile opposition leaders and activists on charges that included broadcasting "false and tendentious news and rumors," promoting the replacement of Bahrain's monarchy with a republican form of government, and "inciting" people to engage in demonstrations and marches.
In December the UAE announced through its official news agency that it had stripped six men of their UAE citizenship for "acts posing a threat to the state's security and safety" based on their membership in al-Islah. In March as anti-government protests continued in several Arab countries, citizens of the United Arab Emirates signed a petition requesting that Tudung melayu ustazah Federal National Council, whose mandate is to provide for public debate of legislation, be elected by universal suffrage and given legislative powers.
Qatar has experienced none of the street protests witnessed in Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, or even the online petitioning that elicited a crackdown in the United Arab Emirates, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. Ensure that all criminal trials are open to the public, including civil society organizations, except to the extent that restrictions on access to limited parts of a trial are permitted by international law.
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Police shot dead one protester in February and another in April. Since the release of the BICI report, the government of Bahrain has continued to violate its citizens' right to freedom of expression, targeting rights activists, political opposition leaders, and journalists.
In particular, those laws and regulations that have been used in the past to prosecute persons in violation of their fundamental rights should be urgently repealed. Sexy bou di live has an active local media that has not shied away from addressing contentious issues. A Saudi court formally dissolved and banned the group in March Saudi Arabia's treatment of peaceful activists and dissidents contrasts in some cases with its treatment of defendants accused of committing acts of violence محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية fighting with extremist groups abroad, some of whom are permitted to enter a "rehabilitation" program in lieu of prosecution.
In MayOmani authorities launched an assault on freedoms of expression and association through mass arrests and trials of peaceful online activists and demonstrators. By the end of July, authorities had arrested another 22 online activists on the basis of alleged defamatory Facebook and Twitter comments, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية.
Characters: Online Activists Harassed and Jailed in Arab Gulf States | Human Rights Watch
According to local activists, the arrests and prosecutions have had a chilling effect on free speech and the expression of dissent in Oman. On February 27,they used Sleeping Suso gas, rubber bullets, and live ammunition against protesters who attacked and burned a police station in the northern coastal town of Sohar.
Authorities tightened restrictions on the right to freedom of information, blocking numerous websites, including those of the Bahrain Center for Human Rights and the Bahrain-On-Line discussion forum, as well as publications, including those of legally recognized opposition political societies. Elections held in December were boycotted by the opposition and then again annulled by the Constitutional Court in June While the scale of protests has declined sinceprosecutions on various grounds of those critical of the government has continued and the country's political system remains fragile.
According to Bahrain Watch, since February there have been at least instances in which a "foreign journalist, NGO member, politician, trade unionist, aid worker, or activist was denied access to Bahrain, alone or as part of a group. Such policies should also extend to the actions of resellers, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, distributors, and other business partners.
Gozo FemininoHD Sex 10, HD Videos Porno p 97, Hentai 46, Hotel 27, HQ Porno 17, Indiano 30, InterracialJaponesaLatinoLingerie 94, LoirasMadurasمحمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, Massagem 77, MILFMorenasNa ruaNegras 95, Orgias 65, Pau grandePeitos GrandesPeitos PequenosPorno Gordas 28, Pornstar 1, POVPunhetaRuivasمحمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, Sem categoria 4, Sexo AnalSexo Brutal 1, Sexo GrupalStrip 67, Swinger 43, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السريةUniforme 98, Universidade 56, Velho e jovemGCC governments' revocation of citizenship from GCC citizens in retaliation for public criticism or peaceful dissident activity violates international human rights standards.
For social media companies, adopt human rights policies outlining how the company will resist government requests for censorship or user data, including procedures for narrowing requests that may be disproportionate or challenge requests not supported by law.
To the Governments of Germany, Italy, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية Kingdom, and Other Countries Where Companies that Sell Intrusive Surveillance Technologies are Based Regulate the sale of intrusive surveillance technologies, including by requiring that companies subject to national jurisdiction operating abroad report on human rights policies and due diligence activity designed to Sex with eals hentai abuses.
In response to growing opposition and the development of a human rights community, Saudi authorities have harassed, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, intimidated, and attempted to silence all criticism, especially since earlyincluding through travel bans, smear campaigns, as well as detentions and prosecutions. The Arab uprisings in encouraged activists to move beyond online campaigning and organize small demonstrations and sit-ins in the streets.
The report concluded, however, that revoking a citizen's nationality for exercising the right to freedom of speech amounts to a violation of human rights guaranteed under international law, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية. The report accepted revocation as legitimate for "rendering of services to a foreign government or military force" or committing acts "seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the State.
Advocate for reform of surveillance, cybercrime, and censorship laws to bring them in line with international human rights standards. محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية mounting political pressure, the emir or ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Ahmed al-Jaber al-Sabah, suspended parliament for one month in June. Promptly investigate any misuse of products Xxxvideo.maryam yahaya.com services and take concrete steps to address human rights abuses linked to business operations.
In July the authorities intensified a crackdown on dissidents with alleged ties to an Islamist group, al-Islah.
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The courts have sentenced peaceful dissidents to exceptionally long prison sentences of 10 to 15 years based solely on peaceful criticism.
Recommendations To the Governments of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE Release all prisoners held solely for their peaceful practice of their rights to free expression and association, including prisoners convicted of alleged crimes, prisoners currently on trial, and prisoners held arbitrarily; Halt all acts of intimidation, محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, harassment, and smear campaigns against rights activists and political dissidents, including those carried out by individuals invested with or claiming religious authority; Revoke Penal Code articles and محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية criminal legislation used to محمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية individuals for the exercise of the rights to freedom of expression, association, or peaceful assembly, or amend such articles so that they comply with international law.
In February Omanis took to the streets in cities throughout the country demanding jobs, an end to corruption, and the dismissal of senior officials perceived to be corrupt. In Riyadh and Buraydah, families of detainees held for years without charge began holding demonstrations outside Ministry of Interior buildings and detention facilities, calling on authorities to either release or try their family members.
Over the following weeks, authorities detained a group of 10 pro-reform activists allegedly for Facebook and Twitter comments critical of Omani authorities. Develop strategies to mitigate the risk of abuses linked to business operations and new contracts, including by incorporating human rights safeguards into business agreements and terms of service.
Under article 29 of the Arab Charter on Human Rights, which all GCC countries but Oman have signed and ratified, "[e]veryone has the right to nationality.
Revocation of Citizenship GCC governments' revocation of citizenship from GCC citizens in retaliation for public criticism or peaceful dissident activity violates international human rights standards. Halt the imposition of arbitrary travel bans without justification or notification; Hall arbitrary withdrawals of citizenship in retaliation for peaceful criticism and provide judicial remedies for those who have faced withdrawal of citizenship; To Social Media and Surveillance Technology Companies Operating in GCC Countries Do not collude with GCC governments in censoring political speech or helping them retaliate against social media users who want to benefit from the openness and connectivity that social media promotes.
Officials typically arrest pro-reform activists and hold them without access to lawyers and their families using a criminal procedure code amendment that empowers security forces to hold detainees without charge for up to 30 days.
UAE authorities have also used citizenship revocation as a tool to punish peaceful dissidents and critics. Authorities then began a campaign of judicial and administrative retribution against demonstrators, opposition leaders, peaceful critics, and rights activists. The center describes itself as a non-profit organisation that works for press freedom in Qatar and elsewhere. After the resignation of its first director inمحمد بالرياض يمارس العادة السرية, however, the former director said in a statement that the Qatari authorities, "did everything possible to prevent the Center from being independent" and that "[he] and his staff were targeted as soon as they criticized press freedom violations in Qatar.